Diabetes is a global health concern affecting millions of lives, especially in developing nations like Pakistan. Recognised annually on November 14, World Diabetes Day aims to raise awareness of the disease, which, if unmanaged, can lead to severe complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and vision loss.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body cannot effectively regulate blood sugar levels. There are two primary types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, making it more common among children and younger individuals. Type 2 diabetes, which is the most prevalent form globally, often develops due to lifestyle factors and affects insulin sensitivity.
How Does Diabetes Develop?
Diabetes occurs when the body either cannot produce insulin (Type 1) or cannot use it effectively (Type 2). Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter cells to be used for energy. Without sufficient insulin function, blood glucose levels rise, leading to various health complications over time. Factors contributing to diabetes include genetics, obesity, poor diet, and a sedentary lifestyle.
In Pakistan, a combination of genetic predisposition and changing lifestyle patterns has made diabetes a prevalent disease, particularly among urban populations with less access to physical activities and healthy diets.
Diabetes in Pakistan
Pakistan ranks third globally in diabetes prevalence, with over 33 million adults affected by the condition, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). This figure includes both diagnosed and undiagnosed cases. Alarming trends show that children are increasingly being diagnosed with diabetes; one in four individuals aged 20 or older has diabetes, and many are unaware they have the disease.
Studies indicate that 11% of men and 14% of women in Pakistan suffer from diabetes. For those over 50, the prevalence rate doubles, highlighting age as a critical factor. Additionally, over 19% of children and adolescents are at risk of developing diabetes due to lifestyle factors.
Prevention, Treatment, and Management
Preventive measures for diabetes emphasise maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and regular screenings, especially for those with a family history of the disease. In Pakistan, increased awareness and access to screening facilities are essential, as early detection can delay the progression of Type 2 diabetes.
For those already diagnosed, effective management includes lifestyle changes, medication, and, in some cases, insulin therapy. Education on self-care practices and blood glucose monitoring plays a crucial role, particularly in rural areas where healthcare access is limited.
Through collective efforts in public health education and accessible healthcare services, Pakistan can tackle its growing diabetes burden, reducing the incidence and improving the quality of life for millions.
Stay tuned to Brandsynario for more news and information.